Implication transformations

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Implication transformations

Implication can be expressed using other logical operators. These transformations allow p → q to be rewritten in equivalent forms.

Statements

  • p → q ≡ ¬p ∨ q
  • ¬(p → q) ≡ p ∧ ¬q
  • p ↔ q ≡ (p → q) ∧ (q → p)

Explanation

  • The implication p → q is equivalent to "not p or q".
  • The negation of p → q is equivalent to "p and not q".
  • Equivalence p ↔ q can be defined using two implications.

Examples

  • "If it rains then the ground is wet"
 ≡ "Either it does not rain, or the ground is wet".  
  • "It is not the case that (if I study then I pass)"
 ≡ "I study and I do not pass".

Truth Table (p → q ≡ ¬p ∨ q)

p q p → q ¬p ∨ q
T T T T
T F F F
F T T T
F F T T